Thermodynamics I

What you'll learn

• Define systems, control volumes, properties, states, processes and cycles, and convert between gauge and absolute pressure and between temperature scales in SI and US customary units.
• Distinguish heat from work, evaluate boundary work for constant-pressure, isothermal and polytropic processes, and calculate shaft, electrical and spring work and component efficiencies.
• Describe phase-change processes of pure substances on T-v, P-v and P-T diagrams, and use saturation properties and quality to fix the state of a liquid-vapour mixture.
• Locate a state in the compressed-liquid, saturated or superheated region and obtain enthalpy and other properties from tables, including single and double interpolation.
• Apply the ideal-gas equation of state, judge its validity using reduced properties and the compressibility factor, and use specific heats to find changes in internal energy and enthalpy.
• Apply the first law to closed systems, including rigid tanks, piston-cylinder devices, ideal-gas processes and systems with electrical or shaft work.
• Write mass and energy balances for control volumes, explain flow work and enthalpy, and decide which terms of the steady-flow energy equation are significant.
• Analyze nozzles, diffusers, turbines, compressors, pumps, throttling valves, mixing chambers and heat exchangers in steady flow.
• Analyze unsteady-flow processes such as charging and discharging vessels using the uniform-flow model and step-by-step simulation.
• State the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius forms of the second law, identify irreversibilities, and calculate Carnot limits on the efficiency of heat engines and the COP of refrigerators and heat pumps.
• Calculate entropy changes for pure substances, incompressible substances and ideal gases, apply the increase of entropy principle, and determine isentropic efficiencies and entropy generation.
• Analyze ideal and actual Rankine cycles, cogeneration plants and vapour-compression refrigeration and heat-pump cycles.